Many children show differences in how they learn, communicate, or manage everyday demands. Below you’ll find information about common signs linked to specific learning and developmental conditions, along with links to further support and resources.
Every child is unique, and these signs may look different depending on age, environment, and individual strengths.
The presence of these signs does not necessarily indicate a diagnosis. A full assessment is required to determine a child’s individual needs.
DYSCALCULIA
Dyscalculia affects an individual’s ability to understand numbers and learn mathematical skills.
You may notice:
Difficulty understanding number concepts or quantities
Struggling to recall number facts or maths procedures
Poor sense of time or direction
Anxiety or frustration around maths
Difficulty reading clocks or using money
Problems keeping track of scores or steps in games
Lack of confidence even when answers are correct
DYSLEXIA
Children with dyslexia may experience difficulties with reading and written language despite typical intelligence.
You may notice:
Slow or effortful reading
Difficulty recognising or decoding words
Poor spelling or inconsistent spelling patterns
Avoidance of reading or writing tasks
Difficulty following written instructions
Reduced confidence around literacy tasks
Fatigue when reading or writing
DYSPRAXIA
Dyspraxia affects motor coordination, planning, and organisation.
You may notice:
Clumsiness or poor coordination
Difficulty with handwriting or fine motor tasks
Problems with dressing, tying laces, or using cutlery
Slow task completion
Difficulty planning or organising work
Fatigue during physical or writing tasks
Challenges following multi-step instructions
ADHD
ADHD affects attention, impulse control, and emotional regulation. It can present in different ways.
You may notice:
Difficulty sustaining attention
High distractibility or forgetfulness
Impulsivity or acting without thinking
Restlessness or constant movement
Difficulty completing tasks
Emotional intensity or frustration
Challenges with organisation and time management
SOCIAL COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES
You may notice:
Difficulty understanding social cues or body language
Literal interpretation of language
Challenges with turn-taking in conversation
Difficulty forming or maintaining friendships
Anxiety in social situations
Preference for routines or predictability
Difficulty adapting to change